Useful Information
You can download the official Incoterms scheme here.
Rules for any mode of transportation:
EXW - Ex Works (named place of delivery)
Usually used when making an initial offer for the sale of goods without any costs included, EXW means that the seller makes the goods available at its own facility or at another specified location (workplace, factory, warehouse, etc.). The seller is not required to load the goods on any collection vehicle or clear the goods for export.
FCA - Free Delivery to Carrier (named place of delivery)
FCA can have two different meanings, each with different levels of risk and cost for the buyer and seller. FCA (a) is used when the seller delivers goods declared for export at a specified location that belongs to him. FCA (b) is used when the seller delivers goods declared for export at a specified location that is not his own. In both cases, the goods may be delivered to a carrier designated by the buyer or to another party designated by the buyer.
CPT - Carriage Paid To (named place of delivery)
Under CPT, the seller pays for the transportation of the goods to the specified destination.
CIP - Carriage and Insurance Paid to (to the specified delivery address)
Similar to CPT with the exception that the seller must obtain minimum insurance for the goods while in transit.
DAP - Delivered at Place
The Seller shall be deemed to have delivered the goods when the goods are presented for the buyer's disposal in the arriving means of transportation and are ready for unloading at the specified destination. The Seller is responsible for managing all risks associated with the delivery of the goods under the terms of the DAP.
DPU - Delivered at Place Unloaded
This Incoterm requires the seller to deliver the goods unloaded to the specified place. The seller bears all transportation costs (export charges, handling, unloading of the goods from the main carrier at the port of destination and port of destination charges) and assumes all risk until arrival at the destination.
DDP - Free Alongside Ship (Duty Paid Delivery) (named place of delivery)
The seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the address specified in the buyer's country and pays all costs associated with bringing the goods to the destination, including customs duties and taxes. The Seller is not responsible for unloading the goods.
Rules for sea and inland waterways:
FAS - Free Alongside Ship (Free Alongside Ship Delivery) (at the specified port of shipment)
The seller shall be deemed to have delivered the goods when he places them alongside the vessel (for example, on a pier or barge) at the port of shipment specified by the buyer. The risk of loss or damage to the goods passes to the buyer when the goods are placed alongside the ship and the buyer assumes responsibility for all costs from that moment on.
FOB - Free on Board
The seller delivers the goods to the vessel designated by the buyer at the specified port of shipment or is deemed to have supplied the goods already delivered. The risk of loss or damage to the goods passes to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board the vessel and the buyer assumes responsibility for all costs from that moment on.
CFR - Cost and Freight
The seller delivers the goods to the ship. The risk of loss or damage to the goods passes to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board. The seller has to contract to bring the goods to the specified port of destination and pay transportation costs and other expenses that are necessary.
CIF - Cost, Insurance and Transportation
The addition that the seller must obtain minimum insurance coverage against the buyer's risk of loss or damage to the goods in transit is identical to the CFR.
Differences between Incoterms® 2010 and 2020:
- Incoterms® FCA (Failure to Charge the Carrier) now provides the additional option of having a loading record built into the bill of lading before the goods are loaded onto a vessel.
- Costs are now centralized in each Incoterms® A9/B9 rule.
- CIP now requires at least one insurance with minimum Institute Commodity Clause (A) (All risk subject to listed exclusions) coverage.
- CIP requires at least one insurance with minimum Institute Commodity Clause (A) (A range of listed risks subject to listed exclusions) coverage.
- The Incoterms® rules Free Carrier (FCA), Delivered at Place (DAP), Delivered at Place Unloaded (DPU) and Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) now take into account that goods can be transported without any third party carrier, i.e. using their own means of transport.
- Delivered at Terminal (DAT) has been changed to Delivered at Place Unloaded (DPU) to indicate that the destination can be any place, not just a "terminal".
- Incoterms® 2020 now explicitly transfers responsibility for security requirements and ancillary costs to the seller.
Important information
Incoterms® does not constitute a complete sales contract but forms part of it. The following structure should be used when applying it:
"[Selected Incoterm® rule] [Specified port, place or point] Incoterms® 2020"
Example: "CIF Shanghai Incoterms® 2020" or "DAP 10 Downing Street, London, England Incoterms® 2020"
If Incoterms® does not specify a date, the following applies:
Until December 31, 2019 Incoterms® 2010 applies.
From January 1, 2020, Incoterms® 2020 applies.
If a different year is specified, for example, Incoterms® 1980, then the relevant terms apply.
Aircraft Types
AN-12
Maximum load: 18000 kg
Maximum volume 90 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 13.50 m / W 3 m / H 2.4 m
Size of the load cover: W 3 m / H 2.40 m
AN-22
Maximum load: 50000 kg
Maximum volume 650 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 26.40 m / W 4.30 m / H 4.10 m
Size of the load cover: W 4.30 m / H 4.10 m
AN-26
Maximum load: 6000 kg
Maximum volume 45 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 11.10 m / W 2.20 m / H 1.6 m
Size of the load cover: W 2.30 m / H 1.60 m
AN-74
Maximum load: 8000 kg
Maximum volume 45 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 10 m / W 2.15 m / H 2.10 m
Size of the load cover: W 2.26 m / H 2.15 м
AN-124 (Ruslan)
Maximum load: 120000 kg
Maximum volume 800 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 36.50 m / W 6.20 m / H 4.20 m
Size of the load cover: W 6.20 m / H 4.10 м
AN-225 (Maryia)
Maximum load: 200000 kg
Maximum volume 1100 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 43 m / W 6.20 m / H 4.20 m
Size of the load cover: W 6.20 m / H 4.10 м
Airbus-300 B4
Maximum load: 43500 kg
Maximum volume 280 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 39.00 m / W 4.77 m / H 2.23 m
Size of the load cover: W 3.58 m / H 2.56 м
Boeing-737
Maximum load: 16000 kg
Maximum volume 105 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 21 m / W 3.10 m / H 2.20 m
Size of the load cover: W 3.40 m / H 2.15 м
Boeing-747
Maximum load: 110000 kg
Maximum volume 750 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 49 m / W 4.80 m / H 3.04 m
Size of the load cover: W 3.25 m / H 3.10 м
Boeing-757
Maximum load: 39000 kg
Maximum volume 185 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 33.20 m / W 3.53 m / H 2.18 m
Size of the load cover: W 3.40 m / H 2.18 м
DC-10
Maximum load: 65000 kg
Maximum volume 450 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 37.25 m / W 3.56 m / H 2.34 m
Size of the load cover: W 3.50 m / H 2.54 м
DC-8
Maximum load: 45000 kg
Maximum volume 200 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 34 m / W 3.17 m / H 2.03 m
Size of the load cover: W 3.55 m / H 2 м
Fokker-27
Maximum load: 6000 kg
Maximum volume 58 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 13.36 m / W 2.10 m / H 1.90 m
Size of the load cover: W 2.28 m / H 1.75 м
IL-76
Maximum load: 47000 kg
Maximum volume 175 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 18.5 m / W 3.30 m / H 3.25 m
Size of the load cover: W 3.30 m / H 3.25 м
L100-30
Maximum load: 21000 kg
Maximum volume 140 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 17 m / W 3.02 m / H 2.74 m
Size of the load cover: W 3.02 m / H 2.74 м
MD-11
Maximum load: 80000 kg
Maximum volume 640 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 48 m / W 3.50 m / H 2.45 m
Size of the load cover: W 3.55 m / H 2.55 м
Saab-340
Maximum load: 3800 kg
Maximum volume 35 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 11.20 m / W 1.62 m / H 1.70 m
Size of the load cover: W 1.30 m / H 1.28 м
TU 204
Maximum load: 28500 kg
Maximum volume 178 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 29.50 m / W 3.25 m / H 2.80 m
Size of the load cover: W 3.40 m / H 2 м
MI
Maximum load: 4000 kg
Maximum volume 23 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 5.34 m / W 2.30 m / H 1.80 m
Size of the load cover: W 2.34 m / H 1.82 м
MI 26
Maximum load: 20000 kg
Maximum volume 110 m³
Size of the load compartment: L 12 m / W 3.20 m / H 3.10 m
Size of the load cover: W 2.90 m / H 3.20 м